Web-enabled Database Essay Example for Free

Web-empowered Database Essay To keep certain data in a company, a wide range of set ups are arranged and followed with the goal that the information may stay unblemished and secure as these information data of different divisions are truly basic to keep the progression of work consistent and at a legitimate pace. Along these lines, when this data is put away the following stage is to ensure that it is protected and can be recovered at whatever point required without making any issues. Thus, to manage such conditions where information recovery can be required at whenever a creation business or a firm should include a proper database the board framework. Database the board frameworks are fundamental since today everything is PC based and all the information and data is put away, flowed and altered through its utilization, thusly database the board framework are very essential in running an association without preventions. Database the executives frameworks are either programming based which require a specific guaranteed programming program which can be introduced in the PC to make it work in the organization while the other kind is the web or the online or web-empowered database the board framework. It is an appropriate procedure that is applied many aggregate organizations and huge organizations creating productive and fast outcomes. The foundation of web based guidance is adjusting because of the association of the web and database servers. This paper takes a gander at and depicts a portion of the attributes, reason, and interoperable highlights of Web-empowered databases as they are improving the web based guidance by giving points of interest to numerous clients (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Database and Web-Enabled Database: A database contains appropriately arranged assortment of information for different capacities and is for the most part in computerized figure. A technique for making classifications in database is through their issue like book index, records and count reason. Advanced databases work is brought using Database Management Systems which is programming that is introduced in the PC to help in putting away information, permitting information framing, and upkeep. Database programs are programming applications foreseen for clients to make databases and produce all the programming required to fill them or dispose of them as wished. The showcase of a database resembles a table of a spreadsheet, which comprises of lines and sections of records. The sections sort the qualities in the table, and the columns are the documentations of the particular information. These tables somehow look exactly like a spread sheet however the database tables can be impacted and refreshed in a way that normally spreadsheets can not perform, and in light of this trademark it makes a database into an exceedingly critical gadget (Scamell Umanath, 2007). While, since the web has become a significant piece of our lives so it is being utilized in pretty much every work because of speed, dependability and simple access with out any issues so database the board frameworks additionally got modernized fit as a fiddle of web-empowered database. Web-empowered or electronic database smooth the advancement of virtual society to speak, discover hotspots for database inquiries, pass on quick response, and adjust instructional movements anyway it can likewise be depicted as a framework that makes the accessibility of focal organization of assets, online records arrangement, online arithmetical assessment, and shared examination. The web empowered database differs from a nearby database as it is introduced in a PC or its associated stockpiling, for example a CD. Hence it benefits the partnership in dealing with their information in an appropriate and proficient manner so no incident can happen once the information is required desperately. Layers of Database arranging: Any database framework, be it web-empowered or non-web empowered, requires legitimate plans for activity and these course of action which are a vital piece of the framework are typically known as layers. There are three layers of database the board framework or arranging known as outer, theoretical and inner. The essential element of the Relational Database Model went in 1969 by Edgar Frank Codd as First-Order Predicted Logic concocted these three layers for the information base administration framework and this element stills controls the 21st century databases frameworks which are improved because of the component of web in them. The purposes behind planning these layers are suitable working of the database framework and in an appropriate grouping in light of the fact that sequencing in information stockpiling is basically required in addition to it doesn't make any misunderstandings that may prompt information lost in future. The outer layer clarifies the procedure and strategy that how the clients or clients ought to comprehend the relationship of the information. A specific information document or report may contain a specific measure of readings, records or perception at outside layer. With regards to the structure of the inner level or layer the motivation behind inward layer is to give an away from of the genuine stockpiling of information and its advancement by the PC framework. Fundamentally the arranging of inside layer worried about costs, course of action, adaptability and other certain basic objects of information bundles introduced or utilized by the customers (Scamell Umanath, 2007). While the layer that amalgamates or interfaces the past layers I. e. interior and outer is the applied layer. It supplies a general assessment of the database by giving an away from of the company’s information is capacity or management, and it can blend the different outer perspectives into a dependable information. In these each of the three layers dynamic catalog makes accessible of a progressive information revamping space. Each datum object is solely perceived in the database by its substance recognizable proof quality, called the Relative Distinguished Name (RDN). The relative recognized name when gotten together with other significant segments outlines the articles Distinguished Name (DN). The database stores the RDN of each datum object in addition to a sign to the fundamental source object with the goal that database layer can tag on these parent signs and connects the accompanying RDN to develop DN. A main motivation behind the database layer is to decipher each DN into a numeric course of action called the DN tag, which is utilized for every single inward access. Purposes behind presentation of web empowered database: When the web turned into a basically utilized segment in the PCs it was accepted that more individuals would head towards web based programming because of simple access and dependability. So the database programming were likewise presented for electronic working so individuals can utilize them rather than the introduced programming, it was because of the way that if web is continually being utilized in the organization ordinary so utilizing the web-empowered database would be modest and dependable as no space in hard circle would be utilized however the one that is essentially apportioned to the client (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Additionally, for little or neighborhood organizations it is hard to introduce and to bear the cost of the cost of the database the board programming as they are very costly because of ensured and approved. A case of it tends to be given through this representation that a company may previously bring into play a consistent connection for email and web-perusing, and be in a website to exploit it further for a web-empowered database provided that it settles on the determination of database programming than right around a figure of ? 10,000 for every annum, according to budgetary arrangement, would be required for to introduce and program it which would likewise be utilized to browse messages and web utilization whenever wanted anyway the exact figure will rely a great deal upon the amount of move and use of the database the organization wishes the website to deliver. Thus, this is a significant costly sum for little scope enterprises and organizations which don't create a great deal of income, hence remembering the circumstances these organizations may confront the electronic or web-empowered database were started. Additionally separated from little ventures these databases are likewise utilized in schools for keeping the correct record of the understudy body conceded in school since it got set up consequently schools can't manage the cost of such costly programming which are essentially built for the enormous scope organizations and companies. Subsequently in these conditions individuals take the alternatives of choosing the online database because of simple access and result, these database are additionally once in a while alluded to the web search tools which are utilized everywhere throughout the web and give simple and quick outcomes so same is with the yield of the web-empowered database (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Contrasts between web-empowered database and non web-empower database: When it goes to the recognizing of the two classes of databases the essential and the essential distinction is the web use. In web-empowered databases the web is the base on which the entire database is set up while the ones which are non web-empowered are programming based anyway they do give the entrance to the web for different reasons. Be that as it may, there is a lot of contrast between programming which is introduced in the hard circle for use and the one which is accessible on the World Wide Web for profiting results and accessibility. In this way, with regards to the point of accessibility, the non-electronic databases have higher accessibility as they are introduced in the PC and can be run whenever anyway in the event that web-empowered database the accessibility same as non web-empowered database if the association of web is accessible all through and no issues happen during the network in light of the fact that for the online database web association is fundamental and a quick one, honestly. So accessibility of both the databases are some how the equivalent relying on the circumstance the client is in as some would conflict with web-empowered databases because of helpless system availability. Most definitely, web-empowered databases are prescribed because of the explanation that any framework disappointment

Investment Banks and Commercial Banks Are Analogous to Oil and Water: They Just Do Not Mix :: History Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Speculation Banks and Commercial Banks Are Analogous to Oil and Water: They Just Do Not Mix Because of in excess of 9,000 banks coming up short during the Great Depression long periods of 1930-1933, bank guideline was significantly fixed in the United States. The governing body felt the untrustworthy activities from the combination of business and speculation banking supported in these disappointments for three primary reasons: banks put their own advantages in unsafe protections, unsound advances were made to help the cost of protections of organizations whom the bank had put resources into, and the business banks premiums in the cost of protections enticed bank chiefs to compel clients to buy hazardous protections that the bank was attempting to sell. Subsequently, President Roosevelt felt that the best solution for the circumstance was to pass the Banking Act of 1933, which built up two new arrangements to money related guideline: store protection and the partition of business and speculation banking exercises. Areas 16, 20, 21, and 32 of the demonstration are alluded to as the Glass-Steagall Act. These areas restrict store taking foundations from taking part in the giving, endorsing, selling, or disseminating of protections. Since the arrangements of the Glass-Steagall Act didn't make a difference to outside banks working in the United States, they could participate in protection and protections exercises. This put the American banks off guard. Because of the weight on the assembly and the steady talks of toppling the demonstration, it was at long last revoked. On November 12, 1999, President Clinton marked the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, which canceled the Glass-Steagall Act. This permitted protections firms and insurance agencies to buy banks and business banks to endorse protection and protections. From this nullification, the monetary administrations industry has experienced a combining period of business banks and speculation banks getting one. Be that as it may, this has not generally demonstrated useful for these organizations. My speculation is that the way of life conflict originating from the distinctive hazard resistance levels between venture banks and business banks is the principle motivation behind why such mergers and acquisitions have not brought about the normal cooperative energies the money related markets were envisioning. Speculation banks, ordinarily, have higher hazard resilience levels than do business banks. The chief purpose behind this is venture banks are not money related mediators as in they take stores and loan them out.

Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Money related Analysis - Assignment Example Items that are utilized regularly upgrade the benefit turnover. A market has consumables items that are expended consistently that is the reason it will have the most elevated resource turnover followed by a steel organization in view of developments. Pharmaceutical retailer will rely upon wellbeing condition of its customer. The present way of life has affected the wellbeing status of individuals, in this manner increment in pharmaceutical administrations is on the ascent. Be that as it may, resource turnover is worried about the income, not benefit. That being the situation then instrument may have the most elevated benefit than the others. Deals edge is likewise the gross edge. It is the income a firm procures subsequent to making deals. It ought to be realized that business edge is comprehensive of the working costs along these lines it can't be utilized to decide the gainfulness of a firm. A grocery store will have the most minimal deals edge on the grounds that a little increase is connected to the cost it purchased for the merchandise as a benefit. The plan to include a little increase is the seriousness of stores and high deals rate. The costs of Tesco and Sainsbury’s general store are serious which pull in shoppers. An instrument retailer will have the most elevated deals edge this is on the grounds that the offer of instruments is moderate. To conceal the expense of working costs, the retailer should include markup that settle the pay and working costs. Profit for Equity (ROE) is a budgetary measure to decide how proficient a firm is in boosting the arrival to the shareholders’ value. A firm needs to have a high ROE to draw different financial specialists. ROE has three segments in particular; return on deals, resource turnover, and money related influence. In 1995, Chrysler had ROE of 20% while Ford had 8%. The distinction can be clarified by the three parts. Right off the bat, it appears that Ford had low resource turnover meaning the deals in 1995 was low for its car. Also, it had a low profit for deals. The benefit created

Net Neutrality Essay (Free Example)

Net Neutrality Essay (Free Example) In this essay about net neutrality, we provide an overview of what net neutrality is and why it is a current political issue.   The essay will define net neutrality.   Furthermore, it will describe the pros and cons of net neutrality, including reasons that net neutrality is beneficial and ways that it could be detrimental. The essay will discuss the current legal status of net neutrality, as well as the potential future of net neutrality.   In doing so, the essay will discuss some figures, including head of the Federal Communications Commission, Ajit Pai.     In addition to giving you an overview of net neutrality, the essay will also provide you with an excellent guide for how to write academic essays.   It includes all parts of an academic essay: introduction, hook, thesis statement, a body that includes evidence and analysis, a conclusion, and a works cited section.   All sources are properly quoted and cited in the essay.   Therefore, you will be able to use it as a template in your own academic writing endeavors. Table of Contents1 Related Topics2 Titles3 Outline4 Introduction5 Essay Hook6 Thesis Statement7 Body7.1 What is Net Neutrality?7.2 Pros and Cons of Net Neutrality7.3 What is Bad about Net Neutrality? 7.4 What is Good about Net Neutrality? 7.5 Future of Net Neutrality8 Works Cited9 Closing Related Topics Ajit Pai- Ajit Pai is the controversial chairman of the FCC, who has made it his personal mission to end the concept of net neutrality.   While Pai has made efforts to appear hip, he has alienated most of the internet community, including many service providers. Although he may be reviled by some, Pai retains an inordinate amount of power over internet service in the United States.   This essay would focus, not only on Pai’s official role, but on some of his personal behaviors that indicate that ending net neutrality is a personal issue for him. The Role of the FCC in Regulating the Internet- The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is responsible for overseeing several types of communication in the United States, including internet communications.   This essay would focus on how it carries out that role and whether it has the power to determine issues like net neutrality on its own. Titles Net Neutrality Is Net Neutrality Coming to an End? Is Net Neutrality a Good Thing? Would Ending Net Neutrality Really Change the Internet? Can the FCC end Net Neutrality? Outline I.   Introduction II.   Body a.   What is net neutrality? b.   Pros and cons of net neutrality c.   Why is it bad? d.   Why is it good? e.   Current status of net neutrality f.   Future of net neutrality III.   Conclusion Introduction Net neutrality refers to the idea that Internet service providers (ISPs) should provide equal access to all content and applications on the internet.   True net neutrality requires that ISPs treat all types of data the same, without regard to content, website, platform, application, method of communication, user, or equipment used.   Net neutrality not only means that ISPs will not block access to certain websites, but also that they will not provide surcharges for access to certain websites or make data transmission speed dependent upon the type of data being accessed.   Net neutrality became an issue for the FCC when the internet became a major form of communication.   In 2005, the FCC adopted net neutrality principles, but attempts to pass a bill in Congress requiring net neutrality failed from 2005 to 2012.  Ã‚   While Congress refused to act, in December 2010, the FCC passed six net neutrality principles and the FCC Open Internet Order, which prohibited cable and telep hone providers from preventing access to competitors or websites like Netflix, as well as requiring: transparency, no blocking, a level playing field, network management, mobile rules, and vigilance.   Although modified by some judicial decisions, these rules remained in effect for most of the Obama Administration.   However, the Trump Administration made it clear that it opposed net neutrality when President Trump appointed Ajit Pai as the chairman of the FCC.   Pai opposes net neutrality and began rolling back net neutrality rules in May of 2017. Essay Hook The majority of Americans support net neutrality (Neidig, 2017), which has not only made Trump Administration efforts to roll back net neutrality protections unpopular, but has also led to Pai being considered a villain by many. Thesis Statement Although net neutrality may seem like a fairly straightforward issue regarding access to communications, it is actually symbolic of a much more pervasive political issue: who should have more power in American society, the companies that create goods and services or the users who use them? Body What is Net Neutrality? Coined by Columbia University Media Law professor Tim Wu in 2003, the term net neutrality refers to the idea that Internet service providers should be required to enable access to all content and applications available on the internet, regardless of their source, without favoring or blocking particular websites, applications, or products (Wikipedia, 2018).   The idea is that the internet service provider (ISP) is paid to provide the user with access to the entire internet, not to act as a barrier to some information.   The alternative to net neutrality would allow ISPs to provide preferred access to some users or providers.   While different tiered models could exist, tiers could charge different users different amounts for service, charge for different levels of access, or even charge websites to allow users to access them.   For example, some service providers slowed or throttled uploads from some sights, including peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) sites, and sites from compe titors like Vonage, Netflix, and YouTube.   Under net neutrality rules, the FCC is able to penalize throttling and enforce the user’s ability to freely access the entire internet through an ISP.   Net neutrality does not prohibit ISPs for charging more money for faster access speeds, just on discriminating based on content of the websites. ? Pros and Cons of Net Neutrality On the surface, net neutrality seems like a completely good concept.   It makes sense that internet users who have paid to access the internet should be able to use their ISPs to access all of the internet, without the ISP acting like a nanny and restricting or slowing access to some websites.   However, there are some arguments that net neutrality could have negative long-term and short-term impacts on communications in the United States.   To really understand the net neutrality issue, one has to first looks at the pros and cons. Like many issues in modern American politics, it becomes clear that the debate over net neutrality is a debate between those who control the internet and those who use it. What is Bad about Net Neutrality? According to arguments made by many ISPs, net neutrality has many negatives.   For example, ISPs complain that competitor services, such as Netflix, Google Phone, Skype, and YouTube, require enormous amounts of data, slowing access for all of their customers without requiring the paid-for services that these service providers would have used for upkeep and improvement of the hardware and software that they use to provide internet services for their customers.   They argue that allowing them to charge higher fees, either to users who use more bandwidth or to websites that transmit more data and use more bandwidth, they would have the resources to build the types of advanced fiber networks that would increase internet access for consumers as a whole (Pogue, 2014).   In addition, there is the fact that questionable content, whether it is access to illegal P2P websites or even to dark web sites, is much more difficult to regulate under net neutrality rules.   If providers were al lowed to block content from these sites, then they could be regulated more easily.   Finally, one of the biggest cons of net neutrality focuses on profitability.   Currently, ISPs provide free or reduced cost internet services for many people who are considered impoverished.   The argument is that, if unable to manage profitability based on who is using the most bandwidth, ISPs will have to focus on other ways of maximizing profitability, including eliminating or reducing access for non-paying consumers. What is Good about Net Neutrality? The pros of net neutrality are far easier to outline than the cons.   The internet was created to be neutral, and to provide a way for all users to access all content.   The internet was developed with the idea that ISPs should be like phone service providers, providing the same connection regardless of what data you are accessing.   Proponents of net neutrality suggest that it protects innovation, by keeping big companies from paying for special treatment and putting start-ups at a disadvantage.   More importantly, proponents suggest that net neutrality protects free speech, by prohibiting ISPs from giving preferential treatment to some content, or, worse, blocking or throttling access to other content.   Perhaps most importantly, true net neutrality would require reclassifying ISPs from their current classification to something more like a utility, which would mean that ISPs would be required to provide services to any customer willing to pay for them, regardless of credi t, type of business, or the user’s assets. [ several sections of this essay are missing, click here to view the entire essay ] Future of Net Neutrality Implementing the Restoring Internet Freedom Act will probably not have immediate consequences for internet consumers.   In the fact of consumer and voter protests, ISPs have been very adamant that they will self-regulate and that they will be very transparent about any throttling or prioritizing.   However, it is likely that they will slowly decrease net neutrality, making a significant difference in user experience over the course of several months.   However, the end of net neutrality is not set-in-stone.   The FCC is an administrative body. It has the power to create acts, such as the Restoring Internet Freedom Act, but these acts must comply with all federal laws.   Therefore, Congress has the power to pass a law guaranteeing net neutrality.   There has been tremendous voter support for Congress to do so, but Congress has not responded.   Rather than voting against net neutrality, the issue, which has become partisan, has largely been avoided by the Republican contr olled House and Senate both refusing to vote on the issue.   As of May 18, 2018, House Democrats were attempting to force a vote on net neutrality (Brandon, 2018). Works Cited Brandon, Russell.   â€Å"House Democrats Are Collecting Signatures to Force a Vote on Net Neutrality.†Ã‚   The Verge.   18 May 2018.   https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/18/17352480/house-democrats-net-neutrality-vote.   Accessed 21 May 2018. Horaczek, Stan.   â€Å"Net Neutrality: Where Do We Go from Here?†Ã‚   Popular Science.   1 March  https://www.popsci.com/net-neutrality-dead-what-happens-now. Accessed 21 May 2018. Neidig, Harper.   â€Å"Poll: 83 Percent of Voters Support Keeping FCC’s Net Neutrality Rules.†Ã‚   The Hill.   12 Dec. 2017.  Ã‚   http://thehill.com/policy/technology/364528-poll-83-percent-of-voters-support-keeping-fccs-net-neutrality-rules. Accessed 21 May 2018. Pogue, David.   â€Å"The Net Neutrality Debate in 2 Minutes or Less.†Ã‚   Scientific American.   1 April  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-net-neutrality-debate-in-2-minutes-or-less/. Accessed 21 May 2018. Wikipedia.   â€Å"Net Neutrality.†Ã‚   Wikipedia.   21 May 2018.  Ã‚  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality#Legal_aspects.   Accessed 21 May 2018. Closing Despite large scale public protest, the FCC implemented the Restoring Internet Freedom Act, which restores the ability of ISPs to throttle, block, and prioritize internet traffic, reclassifies broadband providers as information providers instead of telecommunications providers, and reduces regulation on ISPs.   Congress has not responded to voter efforts to change the laws that would allow the FCC to implement this rule change.   Although there are still some efforts to prevent this new rule from going into effect, the likelihood that the efforts will be successful prior to the June 2018 implementation of the Restoring Internet Freedom Act seems unlikely.   However, because the story is still developing, you should check for any updates occurring after the date of this publication, May 21, 2018.   In addition to providing you with information about net neutrality and the FCC’s efforts to end net neutrality, this essay has also provided you with an example for your own academic essay on net neutrality.   In it, you have seen how to structure an academic essay, how to quote sources, how to properly cite sources, and how to create your works cited page.   If you have any additional questions about academic writing or net neutrality, please contact us. 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The Need for Affirmative Action - 1439 Words

Affirmative Action in the words of Louis Fairykhan (humor) Affirmative Action is Necessary for Minorities to be Competitive in the Workplace The audience that I intend to attract are those that are minorities and agree with the idea of affirmative action. The persona that I chose is that of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam. I imagine that this is a speech to thousands of African-Americans that agree with Mr. Farrakhan. I appeal to tha emotions of my intended audience because I feel it is a strong tool in writing a good paper. I am notan authority on affirmative action but I feel that I know enough about it to present a good case on the subject. Good day my beautiful brothers and sisters. Im sure you all know me by now†¦show more content†¦This whitey was exactly right. Her comments were delicious and to the point. I certainly must agree with this Caucasian woman. I too believe that there should be an environment where merit can prevail. And by there being a ffirmative action there is more of a chance that the aforementioned environment will occur. A delicious thought came into my mind while I was eating my Count Chocula cereal this morning. If anyone here loves the taste of some good Count Chocula raise your hand. Of course my lactose intolerant brothers and sisters may not understand this, but hopefully those of you who love to drink your delicious and nutrient rich milk will take your black sister or brother by the hand and help them through this following milk related hell. Now, while I was eating my luscious cereal this morning I stirred the milk quickly but carefully. As I stirred the milk, the evil white marshmallows and putrid white milk slowly began to turn to a shade of a nice chocolate brown. I slammed my spoon down and praised Mohammed for showing me the light. I discovered that because of the influence of blackness upon the white community, things will slowly take a turn towards our goal; a black and white swirl instead of a black speck in a white space. With the help of affirmative action, we someday will be the vanilla and chocolate swirl that many of us hope to be. Affirmative action will integrate the black community and the white community and will giveShow MoreRelatedAmerica Needs Affirmative Action Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesimposed legislation called affirmative action. According to At Issue: Affirmative Action, â€Å"Affirmative action is designed to promote access to opportunities in education, employment, housing, and government contracts among certain designated groups, such as women and minoritiesâ€Å" (At Issue). This law is necessary in today’s society in order to maintain equality and diminish discrimination against social groups throughout the United States. Inductive Reasoning Affirmative action has leveled the playingRead More We Need Affirmative Action Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages PRO-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is it? Well affirmative action is, in plain text, the consideration of your class, race, gender, color, ethnicity, national origin, and disability when deciding who gets a certain job or admission into a school. If you are amenity applying for a job and there are other people that are applying as well then you will be considered for the job over one of the other people, even if they have more experience. It is not only for jobs, it is alsoRead More Affirmative Action needs to be Changed not Ended Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative action: Should it be mended or ended? Affirmative action is an attempt to correct unequal distribution of benefits (status, income and wealth, power and authority), and burdens associated with ethnic and gender differences. Affirmative action has been promoted by the Federal government since the mid 1960s, when president Lyndon B. Johnson ordered federal contractors to adopt affirmative action plans. (Congress and the Nation, 748). This paper will focus on the relevance of affirmativeRead More American Society Needs Affirmative Action Essay1853 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican Society Needs Affirmative Action      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action has been the subject of increasing debate and tension in American society. However, the debate over affirmative action has become ensnared in rhetoric that pits equality of opportunity against the equality of results. The debate has been more emotional than intellectual, and has generated more tension than shed light on the issue. Participants in the debate have over examined the ethical and moral issues thatRead MoreEssay on We Still Need Affirmative Action512 Words   |  3 Pagesaim of equality of opportunity through nondiscrimination alone to affirmative action to establish ‘goals and timetables’ to achieve absolute equality between blacks and whites† (Dye 253). These goals and timetables were cemented with Executive Order No. 11246, issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. This order is commonly referred to as the foundation for modern-day affirmative action programs. Today, affirmative action is a very controversial subject, with as many opponents as there areRead MoreWe Do NOT Need Affirmative Action Essay549 Words   |  3 Pages    Affirmative Action is steps that are taken to ensure that the opportunities are equal between minorities and others. There have been many heated debates over this issue, and maybe the worst is yet to come. Some might feel it is necessary because they feel opportunities are not equal for minorities. Many people believe that gaps need to be closed between minorities and others, but there is a difference in the method. I feel the current method is not constitutional, lawful, and not provenRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It?1706 Words   |  7 PagesDilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Abstract This paper discusses the importance of affirmative action in today’s society and the ethical role it plays when Employers and Universities are considering entry to their respected places of establishment. The paper will conclude with what America will face in the future in terms of affirmative action. An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Read MoreEssay about Does Higher Education Need Affirmative Action?1934 Words   |  8 PagesDoes Higher Education Need Affirmative Action? Introduction Is affirmative action in higher education needed? This question provokes a myriad of emotions. Is affirmative action antiquated and unneeded in 21st century America? Or are the racial boundaries of this country’s ancestors still in effect? America’s Declaration of Independence states, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuitRead MoreThe Effective Impacts Of Diversity And Why Managers Need For Affirmative Action2272 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: 2 Discussion: 2 Present Situation: 2 Need of global implications: 2 Strategic Benefits of Divrse Workforce: 2 Age-diverse Workforce: 2 Gender-Diverse Workforce: 2 Ethnic and Races Based Diversity: 2 Intellectual Abilities: 2 Role of Human Resource Department: 2 Conclusion: 2 Recommendations: 2 Bibliography 2  Introduction: Social discrimination has been a vexing issue throughout the world. A huge part of the society is a victim of social discrimination. Conversely, reforms and effortsRead MoreThe Precedency: Supporting the Affrimative Action Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative action is a government policy that gives opportunities to minorities, women, and any group who has been the victim of discrimination in the past. Affirmative action is the outcome of the 1960’s Civil Rights movement, growing out of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which outlawed discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or gender. It was the 1978 Supreme Court decision, The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which allowed for the use of race-based preferences as a means of

Drug Abuse Among Professional Athletes Essay - 947 Words

Drug abuse among professional basketball players is a problem as old as time. In some circumstances it may not be the athletes fault. For example when they are treating a minor cough or a cold, the medications used will sometimes contain small amounts of alcohol. On the other hand some athletes purposely abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. Some attempt to cover up the presence of other drug abuse but most abuse drugs because they will enhance their performance. The most common abused drugs in professional basketball are: anabolic steroids, marijuana, and amphetamines. Each drug has its own effect on performance, and disciplinary actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When an athlete uses anabolic steroids, they usually feel that they†¦show more content†¦Apathy, impaired judgment, loss of ambition, and an inability to carry out long-term plans characterize the motivational syndrome. Just like steroid abuse has its consequences and disciplinary actions so does marijuana abuse. Marijuana also has the same three testing methods as steroids have: reasonable cause, first-year, and veteran. For a first offense of marijuana possession or use, the player will be required to enter the substance abuse program with no suspension or fine. On a second offense, the player will be fined $15,000 and be required to re-enter the program. A third offense will result in a five game suspension and another entry into the program. Any further abuse of marijuana will not result in any disqualification from the National Basketball Association but a further suspension will be prearranged. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Amphetamines are used to delay the point of fatigue in athlete’s workouts, to which they will be able to withstand more exercise and competition. Amphetamines do not create extra physical and mental energy. They are significant for distorting the player’s perception of reality and impairing judgment, which may cause an athlete to participate while injured, possibly leading to worse injuries and putting others at risk. Various tests that have been conducted on professional basketball players suggest that amphetamine use can enhance skills which play a key roll in athletic performance. The skillsShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Steroids : A Fatal Attraction1734 Words   |  7 PagesSports The market for top performing athletes in sports in the 21st century is a competitive one. Athletes are pushed to, be stronger, an heal from injuries faster. With the pressure to do well and get picked up by a professional team of sorts goes without saying that hard work is a must to elevate ones professional athletic career, but what if one has reached a plateau or hit a wall in a training regimen and just can not seem to push through? 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Selection of skin Based Region... free essay sample

Selection of skin Based Region-of-Interest (ROI) Using Clustering AbstractRegion of Interest (ROI) is defined as regions containing user defined objects of interest. ROI extraction is a vital phase for various image processing applications. Extracting ROI from images has been very much challenging as it is the base for further image analysis, interpretation and classification. ROI varies for different purpose of aim. However, the identified region are widely used for various domain-skin detection, image background removal, detect object in image, hand gesture detection and so on. In this thesis, the main concentration is to defining region of interest from an image based on skin detection. To define region of interest of skin, clustering method was used. Skin detection can be used as a preprocessing step for several applications included but not limited to various Human Computer Interaction (HCI) tasks. However, skin detection is a challenging problem due to sparse variations of skin tone of human. We will write a custom essay sample on Selection of skin Based Region or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Skin tone can be confused with background color, attire color, ethnicity, individual characteristics-age, sex, body parts, makeup, hair color, presence of non-human objects and camera calibration. Besides that, lightning conditions also plays a vital role. For these reasons, sometimes skin pixel values are very similar with non-skin pixels, make it hard to discriminate skin only pixels. Researchers have been working tirelessly for an efficient skin detection method but those are not beyond limitations. Various approach including pixel wise threshold for various color spaces, segmentation, face and hand detection based approaches are proposed. But it still lacks from a method which can be applied for all types of skin detection. In this thesis, a novel skin detection method is proposed which has the following characteristics:†¢ It is free from any manual threshold values. Which makes it better choice for dealing uncertain conditions†¢ The method is based on clustering, since skin pixels of a human are uniform in nature†¢ Proposed approach automatically define number of clusters that is a bottleneck for unsupervised learning Chapter 01IntroductionSkin detection is perhaps the most widely used primitive in human image processing research. Skin detection mostly used as a primary step in various human concerned image processing applications. Skin detection is method of discriminating human skin pixel from non-skin pixels in an image or video [1]. It is one of the prominent research area in human computer interaction, face detection, face tracking [2, 3], gesture recognition [4], computational health informatics, web content filtering and many more. Skin detection is used as a cue for detecting people in real life images. The main challenge is to make skin detection robust to the large variations in appearance that can occur. However, there are various factors that make skin detection challenging. Among them variations in illumination, various ethnicity people with many skin tones, presence or absence of shadows in an image or videos, various background color and objects including wood, cloths and their similarity to skin, human hair with different variations and their resemblance to skin color, using makeup that changes the natural skin color and different camera characteristics make skin detection problem hard. Efficient handling of aforementioned challenges demands a model that is capable of differentiate skin and non-skin pixels. But until now that seems not to be achieved. In this thesis, a skin detection model is proposed which can overcome the challenges and perform better in real world skin detection problem. Researchers have been working tirelessly to find a technique which will be able to detect skin in spite of present challenges. However, Skin detection problem can be considered a binary classification problem, meaning, a pixel can be classified whether it is a skin pixel or not. There are mainly two types of skin detection, either pixel based or region based. In pixel based detection, a pixel is classified compared with its neighbor either as a skin pixel or not. Skin detection that is based on various color spaces are an example for this type of detection. In other hand, region based skin detection focus on spatially arrangement of skin pixel with additional information of intensity and texture. However, Vezhnevets et al. [5], Kakumanu et al. [6], and Phung et al. [7] has conducted surveys about skin color modeling and skin segmentation based on color information in different color spaces. Phung has discovered that skin detection accuracy does not depend on choice of color space or color quantization bin sizes. Besides for skin segmentation a few researchers have also used texture [8, 9, 10] or shape [11] information in combination with color-

The future for space tourism

The future of space tourism is a hot debate today because the resent studies show that it is a phenomenon that the wealthy corporate as well as individuals such as the Californian Multi-Millionaire: Dennis Tito, are venturing into with the aim of reaching the Low Orbit Earth (LEO). This is an indication that the venture is going to be a well paying tourism sector. In addition, a large goal for the many developing space ship companies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The future for space tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They hope to shuttle cargo and the astronauts through a Commercial Orbital Transport System (COTS) to International Space Station (ISS). Companies like â€Å"Scaled Composites, Blue Origin, and SpaceX are developing† space commercial crafts as well as programs to enable people tour the earth’s orbit. The critics behind this industry are the costs involved. Millionaires such as Dennis Tito, Mark Shuttleworth, Anousheh Ansari, Charles Simonyi and, Greg Olsen have spent approximately $20 million for a couple of days tour to space aboard the ISS. In line with Laliaberte Guy (1, 2009), he was the seventh private client to take a space adventure in September 30, 2009 in a poetic special mission to create public awareness regarding the â€Å"ONE DROP† foundation. For this reason, the characteristic of the playground is for the rich since there are strong indications regarding the costs involved. The future aspiration is on making space tourism available at affordable rates for the middle class. Just like the rush for space was a couple of years back, the race for space tourism is currently at is boiling point and thus this tourism industry has high growth expectations. Background information of the space tourism predicament The capability for space transportation has over the years seen very little advancement if any to facilitate a solution to the big obstacle of space development. New programs and equipments are essential requirements to facilitate space development and access. The reasons why people suffer from high space tourism costs is lack of proper space ships. This means that companies launch space ships that are highly volatile and thus the disposals after only a few usages. Today, there is urgent need for an approach that will move to a more rational and affordable space visit program. The biggest challenge is the ability to come up with a more robust, highly reliable but frequently reusable space ship: Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). Thesis/Problem statement â€Å"Future expectations of the space tourism,† is a research investigating and analyzing patterns and available perspectives into the key themes of the proposed innovative developments concerning infrastructure, technological advancement, reusability to ships and, partnership between t he government and private sector. The collaboration enhances the existing capabilities to make the development affordable and available to more willing participants.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hypothesis Statement The future for Space tourism is a program for the rich. It is a common believe among most people that, space tourism is for the rich with because one of the key contributors for its development is finances. Purpose/Significance of the study The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the consequences and key concepts involved in the development and offer suggestions from the research findings on ways of reducing or eliminating the social, economical and emotional challenges behind the tourism sector. Objectives of the study This term paper lays down the need for researching the background of the future space tourism, its impact to the society and those who are involved as well as assessment over the importance of the future endeavours and possible policy recommendations. Significance of the study operations The key topics to be covered entail the focus over commercial architecture and the funding required for fostering its implementation. This is in the aim of lowering the high degree of requirement for the embryonic space tourism and its drive towards lower transportation cost to avail the next generation of efficiency over operations. he International Space Station (ISS) currently faces challenges related to cost overruns efficient in starting the developmental phase of the key elements required for architectural growth in support for long-term ISS needs, and facilitation of next-generation systems. The Procedure of the Study/Research Methodology The literature reviews will enable better understanding of the topic. Preparation of the research proposal over the chosen topic will enhance and quantify the research as a study topic and prepare for respondents. Information collected will equally tabulate and assist in ranking the findings form broad areas and help to narrow the scope to the objectives of the study analysis. The analysis will then draw the conclusion from generally analyzed data in the literature review.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The future for space tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research findings will entail data collected through websites of the concern companies as well as marketing companies in the study area, observation of the proceedings over the specified data collection period. For the study analysis, the collected data and studies conducted used to discern patterns and formulate principles that might guide future action of the study subject. In this case study of space tourism the research checks the background information, progress, surveillance and examination of current state of matter and the involvement with other related cases. The analysis of records regarding internal as well as external consequences is equally important. Comparison of various space tourism vehicles manufactured today offers better understanding and analysis results. Correlation-prediction will involve statistically correlation and prediction of coefficients between aspiring and involved tourists. This term paper will therefore attempt to find or describe space tourism principles and explain existing status or competitions and propose future direction for the industry. Proposed Research Procedures The research study follows a design that samples some parental responses over the questions regarding availability of attributes, in supporting growth of a transport system that integrates a multi-faceted architecture in support for commercial space tourism. This advancement would support civil programs such as space exploration and settlement. The analysis of recently surveyed results ind icates that such a system would be in a position to address the current crisis in connection to the high cost of accessing space, ordinary liabilities, and unavailability of reusable systems into the current infrastructure. Literature Review Reusability The Space Transportation System (STS) in America has attempted to launch a reusable ship. Orbiter from space shuttle of an imitation produced in collaboration with Solid Rocket Booster (SRBs), which is well equipped with a wealth of knowledge with regard to the operability and reusability approaches. The Orbiter shuttle however requires a remote recovery procedure, which involves expensive manufacturing and some logistics recovery procedures to assist it take off.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that there is grater need for enhancing refurbishment other than remanufacturing before reusing the shuttle. There is equality need to adjust the turn around time between the flight by adopting the technological advancement and design techniques. Basing the current technology on reusable boosters is the space shuttle’s greatest revolutionary step to space transportation system. The costs and markets The other issues prohibiting the launce of more available and affordable space shuttle for potential clients entail costs and markets. Considering the production, initiating the new reusable space vehicles would be expensive considering there is only a small number of units’ reusable while the rest need remanufacturing. Secondly, the current technology uses the chemically propelled rockets, which are equally expensive. The production of large SRB reusable boosters for commercial purposes would be economically unjustifiable, although the STS may make the system le ss expensive in operability. The reusable boosters would replace the SRBs but with the shuttle, being too close to the end of its lifetime, then it would not take full advantage of the technology. Other major problem includes the space launch market that needs to be sufficient in support for a new vehicle that engages enough number of voyages. The current space allows for approximately 1000 satellite launches over a 10-year period. Simple arithmetic would equate this to 100 payloads per year and any new system must compete within that market niche. There are serious difficulties associated with this because any new system must pay up developmental and production costs in the aim of making a profit. Currently, there is a very low traffic measure, which cannot economically justify the least cost space vehicle. It is easy to imagine the exotic and elegance of the outer space comfort and cruise experience but these orbital technologies and lifestyles require a merge between National Aer onautics and Space Administration (NASA) architectural technologies with quality marketing strategies such as entertainment. â€Å"What markets would be involved in such space cruise ships?† In line with the Space Tourism Society (1, n.d), the marketing strategies would require one to know the facilities to include in the space such as hotels, and the products and services on offer to sustain in such an awkward environments. Futon Corporation is an industrial leader for forecasting the markets related to space tourism. It has considerable amount of realistic advancement plans for space flights. People like travelling and having fun and thus will be willing for the same in spaceships. According to Futron’s report (10), they forecast indicate, â€Å"Orbital space travel projects by 2021, will involve approximately 60 passengers flying annually, representing revenues in excess of US$300 million.† There is need for â€Å"market shock† and exploding demand may cause the economies of scale to act accordingly to the comfort levels where capitalist are in a position to venture into new markets such as the space ship markets and thus bring in more funds for the space transport system. Currently, the race over space tourism is between commercial enterprises. Upon the first commercial trip by Dennis Tito aboard a â€Å"Soyuz TM-32,† (Shayler, 1), in 2004 â€Å"British aviator-financier Richard Branson announced the launch of Virgin Galactic, a company which will use Spaceship One technology, with hopes of launching sub-orbital flights by 2008†. This race is evident with the virgin Atlantic launch of the â€Å"Virgin Galactic’s space vehicles.† This is a positive step since it has hybrid rocket motor power for enhancing reusability due to high amount of control it avails the pilots over landing. According to Virgin Galactic, this is a milestone catapult on the aviation industry and is for the good reason of enhancing space tourism. The space vehicle is currently an entirely carbon fused aviation means of space transport ever built therefore making it the most fuel resourceful system in comparison to its size. The vehicle is capable of currying huge payloads of approximately 35,0000lbs through high elevation over a wide range of miles. For the size of such a space ship, it has the ability to perform by manoeuvring over great heights (Virgin Galactic, 1). With this type of advancement, the space tourism emerges as a viable market considering its potential to generate high revenues thus the need to justify the investment requirements for a reduced cost of accessing the services. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s research on the matter indicates that tens of millions of the United States citizens would wish to travel privately to space if the parties involved were able to alleviate the current global market barriers in the industry. Today most governments fail to recognize the potential of space tourism investment as prospective â€Å"revenue generating tax base or a drive to greater market drive for next generation† (Whalen, 3). However, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has greater initiative programs for generating reports over procedures to reduce risks and availing architectural requirements that meet the future generation space vehicles. The aim for space advancement has been a race between the Soviet Union and United States since 1957 when Soviet launched â€Å"Sputnik 1† (Siddiqi, 1). The pace has however slowed but exploration is still advancing. The USA launched a reusable shuttle in April 12, 1981 and USSR an â€Å"automatic reusable space craft: Buran in November 15, 1988.† The European Space Agency (ESA) lunched a commercial rocket: Aricane 4 to compete with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) over the unmanned space investigations. This efforts by ESA have catalyzes efforts and ambitio ns such as the Aurora plan to send a human being on a mission to Mars by the year 2030. The U.S. president Bush administration also planed a mission to reach the same goal and equally have a crew exploration space ship for return trip to the moon. These events are an evidence of the continual race over space tourism. In 2005, the ESA group teamed up with Russia on what seem to be a head start to co-fund and subsequently develop the â€Å"CEV† as a counterpart to â€Å"Kliper† scheduled for a first launch in 2011 thus going way before the U.S. plans. Other nations such as China are in a position of increasing required competition over exploration of space tourism. Their funding may be excessively low in comparison to ESA and NASA but they have a success concerning â€Å"Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6† and further plans for a space station by the â€Å"Chinese Space Program.† In 2006, the U.S. through the Pentagon released a report over china’s growing sp ace power concerning their â€Å"Chandrayaan-1† mission and other space programs especially by India and Japan. Suggested Research The tourism market is a broad market like the military or civil market and thus the need for better definition and identification especially for the next generation of the space transport systems. The governments need to enhance measures that promote the appreciation of space tourism. This paper suggests further research findings over the government promotion procedures. The governments ought to know that the technological developments are an important aspect of the market environment for the functioning of the future generation especially in the aeronautic industry. There is equally the need to research on enhancing procedures to make people understand prospective market niche and depth in the space tourism. Identification of require future technologies is equally important considering that the industry is a multi million dollar investment, thus the need to understand the potential of the market in details, possible estimate figures and time of returns on investment. Conclusion The space tourism industry is similar to the past airline history. There are many potential passengers willing to pay for the journey to space and the governments should therefore consider this as an eminent opportunity to solve the current costly space access inconveniences. If the corporation between the private sector and the government is able to drive admission charges to a lower level with the aim of encouraging rebirth of a new arena that encourages commerce and industry, then there will be a great utilization of the space opportunities for growth. The space tourism is an identified market niche that might catalyze utilization of infrastructure in space especially due to future discoveries. Work Cited Futron Corporation. â€Å"Space Tourism Market Study orbital space travel destinations with suborbital space travel.† Wisconsin, Bethesd a, Maryland, MD. 2002. Web. Laliberte, Guy. â€Å"Moving Stars and Earth for Water: Poetic special mission†. Space adventures. September 30, 2009. Web. Shayler, David J. â€Å"Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft.† Rex Hall, 2003. Siddiqi, Asif A. â€Å"Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge.† 2003. Space Tourism Society. â€Å"The Orbital Lifestyle.† A non-profit visionary space experience research and design organization. (n.d). Web. Virgin Galactic. â€Å"Spaceships: Virgin Galactic’s Vehicles.† (n.d). Web. Whalen, David J. â€Å"Communications Satellites: Making the Global Village Possible.† National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 2007. Web. This research paper on The future for space tourism was written and submitted by user Iliana H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jamestown essays

Jamestown essays In what ways might the European encounter with the Americas be seen as a disaster or tragedy, and in what ways might it be seen as an inevitable development in the history of humanity with long-run positive results. What would the world be today without the United States of America? Humanity itself may have never evolved into what it is today with the advance technology brought forth. From here we go back to the 1600s when plans to sail to find a so called New World, were inevitable. But even though the benefits of finding the new world were so great, could it have really been a disaster in the making? From Slavery and conflicts with the Indians to the new cash crop, all of these are enough reason to conclude that the European encounters with the Americas were a disaster. Although there was a scare when John Smith was captured by the Indians during the early years of the Americas it was soon resolved. Moreover as the years continued the Indians as well as the settlers had several good and bad meetings. And over the course of several years they became better allies to each other. But one event in particular stands out among the most deceiving. In 1622, the Indians and the Settlers created a close bond together which was believed to be everlasting. But with the Indians now knowing the pilgrims hideouts, procedures, routines, and weak points they took great advantage of it. On March 22nd, 1622 the Indians ambushed the settlements and killed nearly 347 stunned men, women, and children. It is said that, ...most of them falling by their own instruments and working tools (Robert Beverleys Description of the1622 Indian Attack). The Indians had taken the Americans by storm while at work. And because of this the settlers now had no trustworthy allies and coul dnt defend against brutal attacks on a foreign land. This is yet another conflict of the European encounter with the Am ...

CSR in Organisations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CSR in Organisations - Coursework Example Collaborators within the chain of production are as well becoming more and more challenging with respect to securing developmental objectives - the achievement of growth because of fair dealings. For more or less three decades, the state governments of the world’s most developed nations have been increasing legal structures intended to prevent the degradation of the human surroundings as well as natural resources, and enhance and defend the atmosphere. In the universal framework, sustainable growth parameters are being identified with the aim of ascertaining a balance between the objectives of fiscal improvement on one side and social improvement on the other, whereas taking into account the necessity to develop and guard the natural surroundings. All of these factors compel businesses to dedicate themselves more sincerely to fulfilling a rising number of interest groups within their own surroundings. Modern society makes additionally demands upon businesses in the direction o f explaining their social responsibility. Alternatively, organisations are completely aware of the fact that they have to adopt a positive approach while dealing with these demands. Corporate ethics has developed into the utmost demand within all business activities, from the meeting rooms of the world’s leading organisations to the classrooms in educational institutions around the globe. Ethical concerns as well as demands for protecting the environment will have an even larger potential control on the demand for companies’ products and services. The world’s leading organisations are already facing the rising formal demands to protect the environment and, consequently, their business philosophy has become established in concern for these demands. Contemporary society asks for accountability as well as involvement. A knowledge-based organisation requires that each person take responsibility for the organisation’s objectives, its involvements and its activ ities. Every member of the organisation should completely evaluate as well as reassess their accomplishments and involvements. Social responsibility within business is linked with the commitment of organisations to enhance their positive control and decrease their negative doings toward society. In that sense, whereas ethics is an issue for every person within the business field, social responsibility is associated with the â€Å"influence of an organisation’s business decisions on society†2. One of the most important values, supporting the contemporary business, is that of an organisation founded on responsibility. Organisations are required to take responsibility for their part within society. An organisation founded on responsibility indicates that all the members of the organisation must systematically assess and think about all their tasked accomplishments as well as involvements, and take control of both. There are six social initiatives, functioning within the f ield of corporate social responsibility: (1) encourage social objectives; (2) promotion linked with social objectives; (3) corporate social advertising; (4) corporate patronage; (5) volunteer work for society; and (6) socially dependable business activities. Coca Cola vs. Starbucks The Coca Cola Company is the world's leading beverage business. The Company markets four of the world's leading five non-alcoholic drinks - Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. By the help of the world's major drink circulation structure, customers in over 200 nations have access to Company's beverages at a level going beyond â€Å"1.4 billion servings each day†3. Starbucks is a key international coffee business with over 17,000 stores in more than 55

Autobiography discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Autobiography discussion - Essay Example Clustering is a process that involves brainstorming over what one intends to write about (Cline et al, Page 10-58). People can carry out clustering on their own or with groups of friends so long as the inspiration connecting various idies is achieved to enable the writer proceed. Clustering enables the writer to jot down short phrases that guide him in the actual writing process. Listing, on the hand, requiers the writer to numerically put down their ideas on paper in terms of priority or chronology. It is usually the first step writers take whenever they want to write an autobiography. Listing helps in connecting ideas and experiences that a writer might have gone through. Freewriting puts the brain in action to undertake the actual writing of the biography (Cline et al, Page 23-74).Writers can undertake freewriting on their own or as a group with the free written paragraphs being read out. This enables the ears to pick out certain patterns that are vital in the actual writing of the autobiography. It also brings out various ideas that a writer might have not thought of at the initial stages. In conclusion, therefore, out of the three strategies employed in writing listing is the most benefitial to a writer as it helps in linking the ideas with the experinces. It also helps in determining the actual flow of ideas in a chronoligical manner thus making the work of a writer more organzied and smoothly flowing in the

Studying in American university of Kuwait Essay Example for Free

Studying in American university of Kuwait Essay Established in 2003 by Amiri Decree 139, American University of Kuwait (AUK) is an autonomous liberal arts institution. Its campus is situated at the intersection of Salem Al Mubarak Street and Amr Ibn Al As Street in Salmiya district, Kuwait. In addition, AUK is a certified body by the council for private universities and the Ministry of Higher Education of Kuwait state. The administrative structure and educational standards are based on the American model of higher learning. The University strives at equipping students with essential skills for promoting critical thinking and value for diversity. One of the major motivations for applying at AUK is its educational quality and diversity. The fact that the medium of instruction is English, the university offers a serene environment for any English speaker. Consequently, students from around the globe can join, owing to the fact that English is the most widely spoken language. In addition, with its large garden enclosed by offices and classes, the campus design offers an open atmosphere for intensive learning. Apart from the design, its interactive and relaxing structures have greatly motivated me to study at AUK. This is mainly offered through pool tables and HD televisions found at a tent located at the main gate. AUK does not only offer curriculum activities, but also extra curriculum opportunities like athletics and clubs. Examples of athletics offered include, soccer, volleyball, basketball and table tennis, among others. Since the university values a multicultural and a lively campus involvement, students of different cultural background makes this a reality. Similarly, self-awareness and effective communication skills offered, leads to responsible, morally acceptable individuals in societies. Thus, I believe I will become a good ambassador of the institution. Moreover, the students clubs and associations play a crucial role in giving back to the community. This is through community service activities, where I can take part and at the same time create goodwill between the institution and the surrounding community. In summary, I am convinced that my relationship with the AUK administration will create a win-win situation. The modern facilities and the high-speed internet services do not only attract me, but will also make my life in campus lively and collaborative. The institution has IT developments that will ensure a rich learning environment. A wide range of degree programs offered in the institution creates a convenient space for diversity. Lastly, I find the university location quite peculiar. Surrounded by major malls and cafes with American style, the location is just one of a kind.

Privacy In The Information Age :: essays research papers

The world is changing rapidly. There used to be a time when we could be confident that no one could learn too much about our personal lives. There used to be a time when information was merely a way of keeping records. That time is gone and with it went a large amount of what we might call our personal privacy. Information about our personal lives has now become one of the most valued resources on the market today. The explosion of the computer and communications industries has created a system that can store vast amounts of data on an individual and transmit that information almost anywhere in a negligible amount of time. More and more people are gaining access to this information and the government has been too slow to react to the changes. As a result, employers, insurance agencies, law enforcement officers, and researchers are all lobbying for legislation that would establish clear rules for the access to this information. Each of these groups stand to gain enormous benefits from legitimizing access to a broad base of personal information. This information will be organized into vast databases that will be maintained by the government, credit report agencies, the health care industry, and employers. The system will come to contain information on virtually every aspect of our lives, the data will be quickly and efficiently transferred around the globe via the arising Global Information Infrastructure, and paper records sitting in file cabinets will become a thing of the past. However, considering current trends, what may be missed the most from the old system are the locks on those old, rusted file cabinets. This new system allows for a lot of access to previously confidential files and we are already seeing the negative effects that this system has produced. For example, employers and insurance companies have begun to discriminate against individuals based on samplings of a person’s or fetus’s DNA. As genetic testing and the human genome proje ct advance, there will be an even greater opportunity for discrimination based on characteristics or conditions that may, or may not, arise in an individual's future. To provide a background to the discussion, this report will establish who has access to what information today.

Assessment for Learning Essay

The Assessment Reform Group (2002) identifies ten principles to guide classroom practice in assessment for learning . Choose five of particular relevance to your practice and evaluate them in relation to the pupil experience in your school. Assessment for learning (AFL) is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to be and how to achieve their goal. Black and William (1998) in their research on the use of formative assessment in the classroom found ten principles of assessment which guide classroom practice in AFL. (Assessment Reform Group, 2003) The school I work in is a city based multi cultural school. UIS caters for children from all backgrounds and inclusion is of importance to our setting. I work in key stage 1 as a HLTA. I do PPA cover throughout the year 1 classes and I cover when a teacher is away wherever possible. The subjects I teach are the foundation subjects which are History, Geography, R. S and Music. I plan, implement and assess these subjects. In UIS, we believe that effective assessment provides information to improve teaching and learning. To do this in our school, we undertake two different but complementary types of assessment: assessment for learning and assessment of learning Assessment for learning (formative assessment) involves the use of assessment in the classroom to raise pupil achievements. It is based on the idea that pupils will improve most, if they understand the aim of their learning, where they are in relation to this aim, and how they can achieve this aim i.e. to close the gap in their knowledge. Assessment of learning (summative assessment) involves judging pupils’ performance against national standards. Teachers may make this judgement at the end of a unit of work, a term, a year, or if a key stage. We give our children regular feedback on their learning so they understand what it is that they need to do better. Research has shown that their involvement in the review process raises standards, and that it empowers pupils to take action towards improving their performance. The objectives of this assessment are: to enable our children to demonstrate what they know, understand and can do their work; to help our children recognise the standards to aim for, and to understand what they need to do next to improve their work; to allow teachers to plan work that accurately reflects the needs of each child; to provide regular information for the parents and carers that enables them to support their child’s learning; to provide the head teacher and governors with information that allows them to make a judgement about the effectiveness of the school. To support our teaching, we use the Early Years Foundation Stage guidance, the Primary Framework literacy and mathematics schemes of work based on National Curriculum objectives. We assess children at the end of each unit of work to help us identify each child’s level of attainment. The first principle that I will be discussing is that assessment for learning should be part of effective planning of teaching and learning. The teachers plan their lessons with clear learning objectives. We base these upon the teacher’s detailed knowledge of each child. UIS strive to ensure that all tasks set are appropriate to each child’s ability. Our lesson plans make clear the expected outcomes of each lesson. (Appendix 1) Teachers always share the lessons learning objectives with the children as the lesson begins. They also indicate the way in which the activity is linked to the learning objective, and the criteria against which the work will be judged which is the success criteria. Teachers ask well phrased questions and analyse pupils’ responses to find out what they know, understand and can do, and to reveal their misconceptions. We identify those individual children who do not achieve, or exceed, the expected level for the lesson, and we use this information when planning for the next lesson. Targets are set for end of Key Sage 1 and approved by Governors and the local Authority. UIS set year group targets in Mathematics, Reading and Writing for all our classes, during each academic year. These are expected levels of achievement reached by the end of the year for the majority of children and the more able in class. In Foundation1, staffs know that the next step children need to take is through systematic observation. These are shared with parents and talked through with children where appropriate. In Foundation 2 children have individual reading targets and group writing targets. In Key Stage 1 all children have individual and group targets in reading, writing and maths. Children’s targets are passed over to parents and carers, the progress of each child at the end of each term is reviewed, and revised targets are set. UIS recognise various methods of assessing a child’s learning. The type of assessment that our school make varies from subject to subject. We assess informally throughout the term, based on observations made by teachers or support staff. Every week I annotate assessment of the class I teach on my plan(appendix 2) and at the end of term fill out the assessment sheet. (Appendix 3) These observations are recorded in a variety of temporary formats, such as post-it notes, and are used to inform the Foundation Stage Profile or National Curriculum levels. We take the objectives for individual lessons from the board learning objectives within the school’s curriculum plan. These in turn reflect the demands of the National Curriculum / EYFS. The teachers record the progress of each child against these board objectives. This enables them to make a  judgement about the work each child in relation to national standards and allows them to monitor the progress of each child. Each teacher passes this information on to the next teacher at the end of each year. ` Teachers can review the rate of progress by looking at work in pupils’ folders or exercise books and by the marks in the record books. They can then use this to adjust day to day teaching and plan further work. One way to improve manageability would be to make a note only of those pupils who achieve significantly above or below the expected outcomes of a task’ (QCA, p. 3). The second principle that I will be discussing is how assessment for learning focuses on how students learn. ` If children don’t learn the way we teach†¦ perhaps we should teach the way they learn (Eppig, 1981). ’ The process of learning has to be in the minds of both the learner and the teacher. Assessment for learning helps those pupils, who do not always find learning easy, to make progress. ‘Planning for personalised learning focuses on what teachers need to do ,individually and collaboratively ,to develop assessment for learning and personalise learning by establishing supportive conditions for learning’(AFL,Primary Framework). When we do our assessment of a lesson we have to consider the different styles in which pupils learn. Day to day assessments is an on going and essential part of teaching and learning. Teachers and children continually reflect on how learning is progressing, see where improvements can be made and identify the next steps to take (national strategies standard) . When undertaking assessment of pupils, teachers use their knowledge of individual children in deciding on how to go about assessing the pupil. `Research on grading pupils, shows that children are less motivated and often demoralised when they are continually compared to each other. They need to know the criteria for the next level above ,but they do not need to know what that level is called. (Clarke,2001,p. 74)’ We have to consider the nature and level of support that the pupil receives as part of a normal classroom routine. The tasks and assessments are intended to assess a child’s ability in fair and a comparable way. If a child is a visual learner and for the assessment to be fair to him we adapt the test by having pictures inserted as well as questions. For those children that are auditory learners we read out the questions to the whole class and this enables them to fulfil their learning style. In our setting we have a working wall where the children are able to see what the objective and the success criteria of the lesson are. Appendix 4 On the working wall for the visual learner, we have two eyes to show what the teacher is looking for and ears to show the children to listen. For those children where English is an additional language we have support staff that are available while the test is taking place, so the staff can help where appropriate. Our school aims to be an inclusive school. We actively seek to remove the barriers to learning and participation that can hinder or exclude individual pupils, or groups of pupils. We achieve educational inclusion by continually reviewing what we do, by monitoring data, and through asking ourselves questions about the performance of these individuals and groups of pupils. In our setting there is a boy that is very able but his writing skills are very poor. His fine and gross motor skill are underdeveloped so to get the best out of him, he does all his work on the computer which is then assessed. Children that are on the S. E. N . register have their own I. E. P. ’s to work from with their allocated support staff, once their target is achieved they move on to the next target from their P-scales. The third principle that I would like to discuss is that assessment for learning should be recognised as central to classroom practice. Tasks and questions should prompt learners to demonstrate their knowledge, understanding and skills. In our setting assessment for learning is recognised as central to classroom practice. In the Foundation unit the teachers usually plan the lesson with the ideas given by children. On a Friday afternoon the teacher has circle time with her class where she starts off with a basic topic and the children then give ideas on what they would like to do around the topic. In considering the ideas of the children it prompts the learners to learn and helps with the ongoing of assessments. I did a lesson on electricity in a year2 class which I was covering . In order for me to assess the children I asked a lot of open questions which prompted them to answer. The open questions gave the children the opportunity and encouraged them to think beyond the literal. ‘Research on wait-time showed that teachers need to leave five seconds after asking children a question, to allow them to respond. This is the optimum time it takes to process the question to formulate the answer (Clarke, 2001. p. 87). After having watched the classroom experiment I was able to take on board the idea of waiting time which I now religiously apply. ` Increasing waiting time after asking questions proved difficult to start with due to my habitual desire to â€Å"add† something almost immediately after asking the original question. The pause after asking the question was sometimes â€Å"painful. † It felt unnatural to have such a seemingly â€Å"dead† period, but I persevered. Given more thinking time, students seemed to realize that a more thoughtful answer was required ‘(D e r e k, Century Island School). The negative side to the waiting time is that some teachers wait for two seconds before they either ask another child or answer the question themselves . Children often then do not try to think of a response, because they know that the answer would be given or another child would be asked to answer. The lesson was very inter-active I was able to assess whether my success criteria was achieved. When I handed the worksheets to the children I had asked them to write the learning objective below the date and to refer to it when they were doing there work. The fourth principle that I would be discussing is that learners should receive constructive guidance about how to improve their learning. `An assessment activity can help learning if it provides information that teachers and their students can use as feedback in assessing themselves and one another and in modifying the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged. Such assessment becomes â€Å"formative assessment† when the evidence is actually used to adapt the teaching work to meet learning needs (Black and William, 1989). Most learners are curious to know how they have done in a task . `Feedback is sometimes seen as part of a behaviourist approach to learning ,where it is part of the sequence stimulus-response –reinforcement (Wragg,2001,p. 27). The aim of marking in our setting is to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom. Whilst doing my researchÃ'Ž I found out that Nancy from Riverside school says that her marking has developed from comments with targets and grades, which is the school policy, to comments and targets only. Pupils do work on targets and corrections more productively if no grades are given. Marking is an integral part of assessment and target setting and the outcomes inform short, medium and long term planning. Its rationale is to enable every child to achieve their full potential. It is recognised that one to one oral feedback is most valuable for young children. It should remind the child of the learning intention and emphasise the positive aspects of the child’s practical or recorded work. ` Various research studies have concluded that feedback is most useful when it focuses on the learning intention of the task rather than other features of the work’(Clarke,2001,p. 50). In our setting the minimal response for all written work is that it should be initialled and dated to acknowledge that it has been seen. Maths work is usually ticked if correct and marked with a bullet point to signify that the answer needs to be checked. In UIS traffic lights are used to indicate whether the child has achieved the success criteria for the task. Green-learning objective met, orange-a few examples of learning objective having been met, red-learning objective not met, need to see the teacher. (Appendix 5). When a child meets the learning objective the work may be underlined or highlighted in some way to acknowledge the child’s success. Smiley faces are used to indicate good effort. Whilst doing my research and talking to other teachers in school I found out that each child gets a detailed feedback of their work at regular intervals. This detailed feedback could be oral or written and should be specific and related to the learning intention set for the particular piece of work. Feedback needs to indicate areas where improvements or next step targets are to focus. It is important to allow children the time to reflect on the feedback and make improvements to a specific piece of work. The fifth principle that I would like to discuss is assessment for learning develop learners’ capacity for self-assessment so that they can become reflective and self managing. `In practice, peer assessment turns out to be an important complement to self-assessment. Peer assessment is uniquely valuable because students may accept criticisms of their work from one another that they would not take seriously if the remarks were offered by a teacher’(Black and William. p. 6). Peer assessment and self-assessment is much more than children marking their own or each other’s work. To improve learning, it must be an activity that engages children with the quality of their work and helps them reflect on how to improve it. Peer assessment enables children to give each other valuable feedback so they learn from and support each other. It adds a valuable dimension to learning: the opportunity to talk, discuss, explain and challenge each other enables children to achieve beyond what they can learn unaided. Peer assessment helps develop self-assessment, which promotes independent learning, helping children to take increasing responsibility for their own progress. `Research shows that if self-evaluation is linked with the learning intention of a task, children’s progress, persistence and self-esteem is improved(Black and William,1998). The development of peer assessment and self-assessment takes planning, time, patience and commitment. When children don’t understand the intended learning outcomes they find it difficult to move beyond superficial criteria related to neatness and spelling. By using a range of strategies and by dedicating time to allow children to reflect on and discuss their learning teachers can develop children’s peer assessment and self-assessment skills. ` Independent learners have the ability to seek out and gain new skills, new knowledge and new understandings. They are able to engage in self-reflection and to identify the next steps in their learning. Teachers should equip learners with desire and the capacity to take charge of their learning through developing the skills of self-assessment (Assessment Reform Group, 2002)’. UIS trains children to use the traffic light system to indicate directly on their work to what extent they feel they have achieved the learning objective of their given task and how secure they feel they are in their learning. This helps the teacher to identify if a child is having any difficulty and this also give the children confidence in seeking help. The negative aspects of using the traffic light system at right at the end of the lesson is that some children who are over confident tend to rank their achievement very high and those children that have low confidence tend to under estimate themselves. Teachers in our setting also encourage children use the thumbs up that is when a child is confident they have achieved what was expected of them, thumbs sideways which indicates that they are half way there in understanding the objective ,but could achieve more and thumbs down which indicates that the child does not really understand and needs a bit more help. In order to develop pupil’s skills with self assessing their work we use prompt questions which the children can think about when reviewing their work. Pupils need to be able to assess their own progress to become more independent learners. ` One of the reasons peer assessment is so valuable is because children often give and receive criticisms of their work more freely than in the traditional teacher/child interchange. Another advantage is that the language used by children to each other is the language they would naturally use, rather than school language’ (Black et al, 2003). We regularly do peer marking which I find very helpful indeed. A lot of misconceptions come to the fore, and we then discuss these as we are going over the work. I then go over the peer marking and talk to pupils individually as I go round the room. Peer evaluation works really well because children learn from each other where they have gone wrong and how to put it right. The advantage of peer assessment is that children get to work with different children and they get a wide idea on how the pupil has achieved their success criteria. Some children assume that the more able children never find anything difficult, but this process makes them aware that all learners find some aspects difficult. After having done all my research I have found that the most important aspect of assessment is to have the learning intention and success criteria in focus. In UIS, with the self –evaluation strategies that we use it develops children’s awareness of their learning needs as well as open doors for teachers to get a better understanding of the pupil. Some teachers tend to give feedback to pupils on areas that are not of much relevance to the objective. It takes a while to get into the habit of giving appropriate and relevant feedback but the strategy is simple, make sure that the learning intention is mentioned first and then talk about the secondary features. If it is necessary to mention the secondary features, then say it in a very low tone to the pupil concerned. `As the research demonstrates, formative assessment makes a significant difference to children’s progress –in their ability to be confident, critical learners, to achieve more than ever before and in raising their self-esteem. In a world of continuing pressure, it is good to know that we are making a real difference to children’s lives. (Clarke, 2001, p139). ’Pupils enjoy finding that other children often have the same thoughts, share similar feelings on a particular subject, and have similar problems or successes whilst doing self-evaluation assessment. Ofsted had done a survey on 43 schools and found that 7 of these schools were inadequate in their assessment for learning. `Where assessment for learning had had less impact, the teachers had not understood how the approaches were supposed to improve pupils’ achievement. In particular, they used key aspects of assessment for learning, such as identifying and explaining objectives, questioning, reviewing pupils’ progress and providing feedback without enough precision and skill. As a result, pupils did not understand enough about what they needed to do to improve and how they would achieve their targets. Teachers did not review learning effectively during lessons; opportunities for pupils to assess their own work or that of their peers were infrequent and not always effective’(Ofsted). Michael Fullan also suggests that many educational innovations have been frustrated by the inherent but understandable ‘conservatism’ of teachers. He suggests that real change will only occur where teacher beliefs about teaching and learning have been significantly altered. Education is littered with examples of innovations that have either failed or only been partially implemented because teachers weren’t convinced the change was necessary and would result in real improvement. The result has been that they merely modify their practice at the edges and then abandon the change after a while because it ‘didn’t work for them’. More effective use of assessment, particularly formative assessment, will require many teachers to reconsider their approach to teaching and learning and to re-evaluate their working practices’(Weeden,2002,p. 127). Therefore if schools and teachers want to make changes they have to have the subject knowledge, be committed and dedicated to continually re-examine their teaching styles. Reference Assessment Reform Group (2002) Assessment for Learning: Ten Principles [online] Available from:www. assessment-reform-group. org. uk [Accessed 19th December 2010]Ã'Ž Black, P. ,and Wiliam,D. (1998). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan Vol 80, 139-149. [Accessed: 19th December 2010] Clarke,S. (2001). Unlocking formative Assessment . London: Hodder and Stoughton Clarke,S. (2005)Formative Assessment in Action London:Hodder and Stoughton Eppig, P. (1981) Education by design –used in the UK as Critical Skills program by Success@Bristol (Bristol Education Action Zone) Weeden,P. Winter,J. Broadfoot,P. (2002). Assessment-What’s in it for Schools. [online] London: Routledge Falmer. p. 127. Available from: http://northampton. np. eblib. com [Accessed:27th December 2010] Wragg,E. C (2001). Assessment and Learning in the Primary School [online]. London: Routledge Falmer. p. 27. Available from: http://northampton. np. eblib. com [Accessed:27th December 2010] QCA (1999) Keeping Track,Qualification and Curriculum Authority. http://nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk/primary/primaryframework Appendices 1. Lesson plan 2. Annotated Lesson Plan 3. Assessment sheets 4. working wall 5. Traffic lights.